Core presentation layer technologies
Java's ecosystem provides developers with a versatile toolkit to meet the demands of modern web development.
JavaServer Faces (JSF)
JSF is a Java specification that allows developers to build component-based user interfaces for web apps. Formalized via the Java Community Process, JSF also works as an MVC web framework, simplifying the development of user interfaces for server-based applications by using reusable user interface components in a page.
Spring
The Spring Framework is an open-source app framework that also works as an inversion of control container for the Java platform. There are extensions for the creation of web apps on top of the Java EE platform, but Spring’s main features can be utilized by any Java application. It doesn’t specify a necessary programming model but it is often used as an addition to or replacement for the Enterprise JavaBeans model.
jQuery
jQuery is a cross-platform JavaScript library which aims to make the client-side scripting of HTML less complication. Its syntax makes it easier to navigate documents, select DOM elements, make animations, handle events, and develop applications with Ajax. jQuery can also be used to make plugins on top of the JavaScript library.
Dojo
As a modular JavaScript library, or toolkit, Dojo Toolkit was designed to simplify the process of quickly developing cross-platform JavaScript/Ajax based apps and websites. Dojo Toolkit is open source.
JavaFX UI Development
Traditionally, the Java Application UI has not been much attractive but with JavaFX UI, it is possible to create attractive and eye-catching user interface providing sophisticated and exceptional user experience to java desktop application. It also supports drag and drop UI development with its Scene Builder application.
Hypertext Markup Language (HTML)
HTML is the standard markup language used to create web pages and apps. Alongside CSS and JavaScript, HTML is one of the most fundamental technologies for the World Wide Web. HTML documents are received by web browsers from servers and local storage and are deftly rendered into multimedia web pages.
JavaServer Pages (JSP)
JSP helps software developers to build dynamically generated web pages based on HTML, XML, and other types of documents.
Yahoo! User Interface Library (YUI)
The YUI is an open-source JavaScript library that allows users to build deep interactive web apps using Ajax, DHTML, and DOM scripting, amongst other techniques. It includes some core CSS resources, but has now been discontinued.
Swing
Swing is part of Oracle’s Java Foundation Classes, an API which provides graphical user interfaces for Java programs. Essentially, it is a GUI widget toolkit designed for Java. It was conceived to offer a more advanced set of GUI components than its predecessor, the Abstract Window Toolkit.
JavaFX
JavaFX is a software platform for creating and delivering desktop applications, as well as rich Internet applications (RIAs) that can run across a wide variety of devices. JavaFX is intended to replace Swing as the standard GUI library for Java SE, but both will be included for the foreseeable future. JavaFX has support for desktop computers and web browsers on Microsoft Windows, Linux, and macOS.
Applet
Java applets are small applications written in the Java programming language or other programming languages that compile to Java bytecode. They are then delivered to users as Java bytecode. When a user launches a Java applet from a webpage, the applet is executed within a Java virtual machine. This entire process is separate from the actual web browser.
Struts
Apache Struts 2 is a web app framework that allows the development of Java EE web apps. It’s opensource, extending the Java Servlet API to allow the developer to easily adopt a model-view-controller architecture. Apache Struts has a spin-off, WebWork, which keeps the original Struts architecture while offering plenty of enhancements and refinements.
Java servlet
Java servlets are Java programs that extend servers’ capabilities. They are most commonly used to implement applications hosted on web servers, but they can respond to any type of request. The main web servlets can be viewed as Java’s counterpart to dynamic web content technologies like PHP and ASP.NET.
Key Considerations
Selecting the right Java Presentation Layer is crucial for developing effective UI and UX in your application.
Complexity and Scope
Consider the complexity of your UI and the specific features you need, such as dynamic content updating, form handling, and user input validation.
Target Platform
Determine if your application is web-based, desktop, or mobile, as this will influence your choice of presentation layer.
Community Support
A large and active community can provide extensive resources, libraries, and support, making development smoother.
Compatibility
The framework should easily integrate with the other layers of your application, such as the business logic and data access layers, and support for RESTful services or other APIs if needed.
Performance
Consider how the framework handles rendering and updates to the UI, especially for dynamic content and in high-load scenarios.
Scalability
Ensure the framework can scale with your application, maintaining performance as user numbers grow.
Built-in Security
Look for built-in security features that protect against common vulnerabilities, such as Cross-Site Scripting (XSS), Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF), and SQL injection.
Future Viability
Choose a framework that is actively maintained and updated, ensuring it stays relevant with modern development practices and security standards.
Proof of Concept
Before finalizing your decision, implement a small prototype or proof of concept using the shortlisted frameworks. This approach helps you to understand the practical implications of using each framework.
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